Belize is a country of Central America, Riparian Caribbean Sea, Which borders Mexico north and Guatemala west and south. Separated from Honduras for 75 miles away at the closest point between the two nations, separated by the Gulf of HondurasThe east. Belize was formerly known as British Honduras and the colloquial name comes from the Belize City (Belize City) And the Belize River. Belize City is the largest city in the country (and probably the only location that can be described as city), the main port and its former capital.
Toponymy
Some suppose that the word “Belize” has a remote Mayan etymology, others attribute the toponym for which gained importance in the territory a filibuster British surname Wallis, Corroborating the most is that the Spanish maps called the area The Beacon or BeaconVery probably be several on the coast where there are many reefs and shoals.
In the Maya language, Beelis which means Camino de fruits.
History
Main article: History of Belize
Belize was part of the Mayan empire that stretched from the southern Mexico until Guatemala and Honduras.
The first Europeans who entered what is now Belize was Spanish, followed by British woodcutters. They arrived in 1638. Already in 1524 this territory was part of the kingdom of Guatemala as part of the province of Verapaz, hackers managed to penetrate the jungles, enfrentádose Guatemalan Indians inhabited the land.
Apart from these lumberjacks, pirates used to stop in the islands and the coast. It was they who introduced in that region Africans as slaves. English pirates and the slaves they had, using the coast of Belize as a basis for later raiding Spanish ships. In 1821, the year of the independence of Central America, the territory was legally the sovereignty of the United Provinces of Central America but in practice, held the sovereignty England. In 1670 the Treaty of Madrid put a stop to piracy, and pirates, known as “Baymer”, devoted to new offices. Guatemala signed a treaty with England for the transfer of these lands, treaty disrespected by England was lifted with the independence of Belize. Guatemala recognized the independence in 1923 but still considered part of Belize’s territory.
In 1840 the region became a British colony and was named British Honduras.
On 21 September 1981 are consummated Belize’s independence from Britain.
Politics
Main article: Politics of Belize
The political groups in Belize first began in 1950 when he started the PUP (People United Party). This had as leaders George Cadle PriceLeigh Richardson, and Phillip S.W. Goldson, Men who would be recognized as leaders of the independence and national heroes.
Today the two major political parties are the PUP and the UDP (United Democratic Party). The PUP is in control since the last election in 1998. Prime Minister Said Musa of the country.
Geography
Main article: Geography of Belize
Located on the northern coast of Central America, bordered to the north by the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, west with the Guatemalan department of Petén, the east by the Caribbean Sea, and south with the Guatemalan department of Izabal. The total area is 22,960 km ², which is reduced to 21,400 km ² for the abundance of lakes.
The north of Belize consists mostly of flat, swampy coastal plains, densely wooded in places. To the south is the low mountain range of the Maya Mountains, Of which the highest point in Belize is the Victoria Peak to 1,160 feet. Belize is located between the rivers Hondo and SarstoonWith the Belize River flowing in the Midwest. Along the coast Caribbean are coral reefs. Belize is home to the longest barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere and the second longest in the world after the Great Barrier Reef.
Weather
The climate is local tropical and usually very hot and humid. The rainy season lasts from May to November during which natural hazards Hurricanes e floods are common. Temperatures vary depending on elevation, proximity to the coast, and the effects are moderated by the northeast trade winds Caribbean. Average temperatures in coastal regions extending from 24 degrees in January and 27 degrees Celsius in July. Temperatures are slightly higher in the interior, except in the mountainous southern highlands. The average rainfall varies greatly, from the 1,350 mm in the north and west to over 4,500 millimeters in the extreme south.
Administrative divisions
Main article: Subdivisions of Belize
Map of Belize with the districts numberedBelize is divided into six districts:
Belize District
Cayo District
Corozal District
Orange Walk District
Stann Creek
Toledo District
Economy
Main article: Economy of Belize
Exports: domestic sugar, gardening products, concentrated orange juice and grapefruit, seafood, bananas and re-exports.
Imports: In the early eighties, annual exports totaled $ 28.6 million and the cost of imports to 545.3 million.
Industry: Major manufactures food processing, wood products and clothing. The country’s tourism development is very recent and is fundamentally based on the incomparable beauty of its coastline, virtually untouched and in being part of the lesser known Mayan circuit, but not for this minor archaeological and tourist interest. We can cite El Caracol, Lamanai, Altun Ha, Cahal Pech, XunantunichEtc..
Agriculture: The economic mainstay is agriculture, although only a small portion of land is arable.
Fishing: Transport: A network of 3,000 km of roads linking the major urban centers, but some areas remain inaccessible. Belize City has an international airport.
Demographics
Population changes between 1961 and 2003.Main article: Ethnography of Belize
English is the official language of Belize (the country was a colony UK). But most Belizeans use the SpanishThe mother tongue of Mestizo and Central American immigrants. Their share becomes an “up and down” because, for people optimistic in our language, this means about 65% of the population and for use in Belize pessimistic round between 40% and 45% of the total. Due to the various thoughts and beliefs of the language Spanish in Belize, try to make the census more accurate estimate to have a number of common hispanoparlantes of this country. Whether the value in question can not be denied that Belize is currently a member of the British Commonwealth highest percentage of hispanoparlantes.
Looking to the autochthonous, most Belizeans use a language Creole more familiar, influenced by Spanish and English, which is a piyin Belizean. Other linguistic minorities of the country make up the Garifuna and the Netherlands-German.
Languages in Belize (according to 2000 Census) Language Speakers maternal Percentage Regular users Percentage
German 6,783 (3.3%) 6,624 (3.2%)
Chinese 1,607 (0.8%) 1,529 (0.7%)
Creole 67,527 (32.9%) 75,822 (37.0%)
Spanish 94,422 (46.0%) 88,121 (43.0%)
English 7,946 (3.9%) 11,551 (5.6%)
Garifuna 6,929 (3.4%) 4,071 (2.0%)
Hindi 280 (0.1%) 193 (0.1%)
Maya Ketchi 10,142 (4.9%) 9,314 (4.5%)
Maya Mopan 6,909 (3.4%) 6,093 (3.0%)
Yucatec Maya 1,176 (0.6%) 613 (0.3%)
Other / no answer 1,402 (0.7%) 1,192 (0.6%)
According to the census conducted in 2003, Belize has a mixed population 46.4% (descendants of the sons of Maya and European), 27.7% of descendants of African blacks and mulattos (descendants of children of black Africans and Europeans), 10% of Mayan Indians and 6.4% formed by so-called Garifuna (descendants of black African children and Maya), 7.8% of the population is made up of white people of British descent and Spanish.
The remainder of the population is made up of small European communities, Hindus, Americans, Chinese and other nationalities of the Far East.
Culture
Xunantunich Castle.Main article: Belize Culture
Main article: Education in Belize
Gastronomy
Belize has never developed a national cuisine. Its cuisine is inspired by the British, American, Mexican and Caribbean. Its basic igredientes are rice and beans, often consumed with chickens, pigs, calves and fish or vegetables, coconut milk and fried bananas added to the dishes truly tropical taste. The traditional exotic recipes include armadillo meat, venison and fried paca, brown rodent similar to a guinea pig.
Sports
The main sports in Belize are the footballThe basketballThe Volleyball and cycling, Followed by other less practiced sports as baseball and Cricket.
In the three units of Belize at the Olympics the country has not achieved any medal.
The Belize national football team is controlled by the Football Association, member of the CONCACAF.
Other information
Guatemala claims the territory of Belize to the UK, although it is agreed on this territory. Currently nothing has been solved, although Belize has always possessed a bad position on the issue of land, without having given the frequent invasions by the Belizean army.
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